Nurses Education

FEEDING BY GASTROSTOMY TUBE  Sometimes a surgeon performs gastrostomy operation for feeding a patient in cases of operation over oesophagus or soft palate or tumour or structure in oesophagus.in such cases it becomes the prime duty of the nurse to feed the patient carefully through the gastrostomy tube.the tube is inserted through an opening in abdominal wall going in to the stomach by piercing stomach wall.the Cather or tube is usually a self retaini g one known as "De Pezzer Catheter".the tube is taken out periodically and replaced by a new one. For the first few days it is important to observe the sliping out the tube from the incision in which case it should be replaced immediately otherwise it will be very difficult to introduce the tube and the purpose of the operation becomes defeated. EQUIPMENT REQUIRED *Funnel. *Piece of tubing. *Tubing clip *Connector *A catheter *Makintosh *Sterilized dressing and bandage *Bowl of water *A tray containing a...

APPARATUS REQUIRED FOR TUBE FEEDING For mouth wash or tray for cleaning mouth if the tube is required t pass through mouth Sodabicarb swabs for cleaning nostrils if tube is required to pass by nasal route. A small glass or polythene funnel. An oesophageal tube size 6 to 18 english guaze or 14-22 (french guaze).the larger size are used for oral route and smaller size for nasal route. A tray or bowel for keeping all apparatus. A measure containing water to clear the tube.  A container with feed. A location thermometer. Adhesive tape. Towel a piece of makintosh,tongue forcep,tongue spatula. Mouth gag,if necessary. Lubricant soloution for tube (liquid paraffin). A 50 ml syringe. Emesis basin to collect if vomiting occurs. PROCEDURE Intimate the patient about the procedure. He should be told: The reason for procedure. Approximately how long it will take. What it will feel like. How he can co-operate better.screen the patient for privacy.   ...

INTRA DERMAL INJECTION T HERE is difference between intra dermal injection and hypo dermal injection or subcutaneous injection.Intra drmal  meanS in to the dermis(skin).Hypodermal or subcutaneous means below dermis(skin).Hypo or sub mean below or under.  U sually intra dermal injections are given for diagnostic purpose by testing the reaction on the skin.By a thin needle it is injected in to the depth of skin not underneath skin.            https://nurseducation2020.blogspot.com/2020/02/drugs-and-their-administration.html EXAMPLES Tubercullin test Testing for sensivity like ATS,pencillin,other serums xylocaine etc. Hypo-dermal or subcutaneous injection B y  this method the drug reaches blood stream by way of absorptionfrom the local site.Usually not more than 2ml of drug is given subcutaneous route.this route is prefered when oral route is contra indicated and rapid action is desired.           ...

INTRAVENOUS INJECTION Intra venous injection when given for small quantity (1cc to 50cc) it is given through vein directly,through syringes.when large quantity is required to be injected like glucose or normal saline it is called intra venous infusion. when very quick action is required like cardiac stimulants,respiratory stimulants,anti spasmodics,methergin etc. when the drug on giving intra muscularly or hypodermally would cause local irritation. when large quantity of drug required to be given serum,saline or glucose. for diagnostic purpose-IVP etc. in treatment of vericose vein. in case of loss of fluid in body such as heamorrhage,burn, surgery. for general anaesthesia purpose. to maintain acid and base balance. Parts of syringes site of  injection large superficial veins are selected for purpose of  intra venous route.usually site is large vein at cubital fossa,the next site is visible superficial vein at dorsum of palm or hand.when due to s...

Parenteral administration of drugs Intramuscular injection Advantages Drugs more than 2cc which can be given through intradermal route can be intramuscular route. Irritating drug which cause irritation over skin are given through muscular route. Only preparation of drugs are given through intramuscular route. Components and supplies required Sterilized needle (20-23 gage).The gage depends on whether the liquid  is oily or non oily,the site of administration of injection and the age of patient and wether obese or thin. Sterilized stringe,the size of the syringe depends on the amount of the drug require d for administration.now a days disposable sterilized syringes and needles are available for once use only. Cotton swab. 4.Antiseptic solution like testified spirit not methylated spirit or savalon.if antiseptics are not available,boiled cool water may serve the purpose. 5.Sterile container for keeping needle,syringe and cotton swab. Technique of intramusc...

Recording of blood pressure Definition: Blood pressure is the force of blood at walls of vessels at which the blood is pushed out of heart.in various diseases the blood pressure of patient increases or decreases and some times poses alarming situation.it is a part of nursing job to record and note down the blood pressure of such patient. Equipment Required Sphygmomanometer (blood pressure instrument) Stethoscope Procedure Patient should be either sitting or lying down. Intimate the procedure to the patient you are going to do. Roll patient,s sleeve above or slip sleeve off conveniently. The patient is instructed to extend his arm if conscious. Apply the cuff sphygmomanometer smoothly and not too tightly. The manometer is placed on the bed side table in a position at the level of your eyes. The base of sphygmomanometer and cuff attached to patient arm should be at the same level.if the patient is sitting the B.P. instrument should be hold by an assista...