INTRA VENOUS INJECION

INTRAVENOUS INJECTION

Intra venous injection when given for small quantity (1cc to 50cc) it is given through vein directly,through syringes.when large quantity is required to be injected like glucose or normal saline it is called intra venous infusion.


  • when very quick action is required like cardiac stimulants,respiratory stimulants,anti spasmodics,methergin etc.
  • when the drug on giving intra muscularly or hypodermally would cause local irritation.
  • when large quantity of drug required to be given serum,saline or glucose.
  • for diagnostic purpose-IVP etc.
  • in treatment of vericose vein.
  • in case of loss of fluid in body such as heamorrhage,burn, surgery.
  • for general anaesthesia purpose.
  • to maintain acid and base balance.
Parts of syringes

site of  injection

large superficial veins are selected for purpose of  intra venous route.usually site is large vein at cubital fossa,the next site is visible superficial vein at dorsum of palm or hand.when due to severe dehydration in burn or heamorrhage these sites are not available or poses problem,femoral vein over front of thighis tapped for intravenous purpose.only expert hand can do such tapping.sometimes vein at inner side of ankle is also selected.when needle punctures these veins and it becomes difficult them intra venous route is adopted by cutting the skin and finding a vein either ar dorsum of hand or above medial malleolus at ankle joint.this method is known as veinsection.

prcedure for intra venous route

  1. intravenous injections

  • sterile syringe and needle of the size required according to quantity of drug is kept ready.
  • a rubber torniquate or blood pressure cuff is tried on the upper arm to cause accumulation of blood and engagements of veins.
  • the skin at the site of injection is cleaned with spirit swab.
  • the hand of patient is made steady by holding it with your left hand.
  • the needle is inserted at above an angle of 30° to the skin surface.
  • when the needle pierces the vein,blood comes out in syringes and then push the piston of syringe to inject the drug slowly.
  • when the needle is removed,the vein is preased with the sponge and forearm is flexed so as to collapse the vein and prevent bleeding.

2.intravenous infusion or drip

material required
  1. sterile infusion set either disposible or rubber boiled set.
  2. no.19 or no.20 sterile needle .
  3. no.18 air vent needle .
  4. murphy drip bulb.
  5. rubber tube and screw lamp.
  6. drug or soloution to be injected.
  7. tourniquet.
  8. spirit swab.
  9. adhesive tape.
  10. bandage and scissor.
  11. arm board,makintosh,bandage,
  12. i.v infusion stand.

Intravenous infusion

procedure

  • intimate the procedure to the patient.
  • wash your hand with soap and water.
  • keep adhesive,plaster of 8cm length two or three pieces attatched to infusion stand.
  • hang the infusion bottle on stand.insert the infusion set needle in bottle.
  • insert air vent needle to the rubber stopper of bottle and watch that fluids runs in to the infusion rubber tubbing upto the needle to make it air free.
  • now close the screw clamp to stop further flow of fluid.
  • tie tourniquet over upper arm and ask the patient to open and close fingers.
  • clean the skin over vein and when blood flow in,release the tourniquet.
  1. correct splinting of leg for i.v .note that any staying must be taken over bony prominence to prevent constriction of blood vessels.
  2. correct splinting of arm for i.v.note to prevent wrist drop.
  3. a space is left between bandage to frequently see if any swelling.the tube is fixed at extra length of splint to reduce movement.
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  • apply adhesive plaster over base of needle to fix to the skin.
  • regulate the flow of fluid upto desired drug per minute.
  • keep the hand on the arm board fixed with bandage.
  • in extreme cold weather tie a hot water bottle on infusion bottle to keep it warm.
  • watch for some times for any reaction and to control the speed of drug.

points to remember in i.v infusion


  1. maintain steady rate of flow of fluid.the thicker the fluid the lesser the rate.
  2. instruction from attending doctor should be obtained regarding increasing or decreasing the rate of flow.
  3. advise the patient or attendant to keep the hand in proper poisition and to watch for any swelling at the site of the needle.
  4. observe the bottle frequently specially when it is nearing to neck during finishing time.
  5. record the i.v drip in chart.clamp the fluid while changing for a second bottle.

Remedies for stoppage of flow

  • open the clamp or further loosen it.
  • turn the rubber air vent arround.
  • observe if the rubber tube is kinked or twisted.
  • elevate the limb or change the position of the needle by placing a cotton swab under it.
  • massage near about the site of needle.
  • see if the patient has changed the position of hand bending or putting pressure of head over hand.
  • raise the height of  bottle on stand.
  • to release blockage of needle,take a little soloution from i.v bottle and push it from i.v needle. 
https://nurseducation2020.blogspot.com/2020/02/routes-for-administration-of-injections.html

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approved after 24hrs.thanks.