BLOOD TRANSFUSION

Blood transfusion

Defination

Blood transfusion means introduction of one person's blood(donor,s blood) in to vein of another person.(recipient).As blood is a vital body fluid circulating rapidly from one part of body to other,great nursing care is taken during transfusion of blood  to avoid unwanted spreading of disease and toxins.
     

Purpose of blood transfusion

In case of severe anaemia to provide or suppliment more blood in circulation.In leukaemias where wBC,out numbers RBC and there by reduce oxygen carrying capacity of blood.

• During major operation to suppliment immediate blood loss.
• During or after severe haemorrhage of any cause to maintain blood Volume and blood pressure.
• To provide platelets and other 3clotting factor in case of haemophilia.
• To provide anti-bodies and leucocytes in severely debilated person.

                             bottle of blood

Procedure for blood transfusion
The procedure is more or less similar to that of any intravenous infusion.the equipments required are same as in I.V.infusion.for collection of blood from a donor the following procedure is adopted.

• Ask the donor to lie down comfortably with stretching the hand at the side of the body.
• Select the cubital fossa for puncture of needle and clean this area with spirit swab.
• Make the collecting bottle ready with anti cogulant soloution 2% sod.citrate 300ml  of blood.
• A sterile needle fitted with a sterile rubber tube is kept ready.
• Apply a tourniqute or cuff of blood pressure instrument to the upper arm.

• Now insert the needle to punctuer the vein. 
• Blod is drawn out and collected stir the blod with a sterile glass rod to mix well with the anti cogulant soloution.
• the collected blood in bottle should be kept in warm water basin or bowl and cover it with sterile dressing.
• The donor is kept lying for sometimes and then given hot coffee and some edibles.

The donor blood thus collected can be given to a recipient by the same procedure as i.v infusion.the rate of drops is maintained low 20 to 30 drops initially and then gradually increasing to 40 to 50 drops per minute.  

complications arising during blood transfusion

1. Difficulty to maintain flow of blood.
2. Over loading circulation.
3. Incompatibility reaction.
4. Allergic reaction.
5. Febrile reaction.
6. Thrombosis of vein.
7. Haematoma formation. 

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